mindmap root((PRO<br>01)) protrude To jut out from the surrounding surface or context.
🌱As he leaned over, she noticed something protruding from under his jacket, and realized with a sickening feeling that he was armed. 🌳Since *trudere* means "to thrust" in Latin, *protrude* means basically "to thrust forward." If your neighbors' patio protrudes over your property boundary, you may want to discuss it with them. A *protruding* disc in your spine may have to be operated on sooner or later; superficial *protrusions*, such as corns or bunions, tend to be less serious than more deeply rooted ones. prophylaxis Measures designed to preserve health and prevent the spread of disease.
🌱For rabies, prophylaxis in the form of vaccines for cats and dogs is much better than treating them after being bitten. 🌳In Greek, *phylax* means "guard," so *prophylactic* measures guard against disease by taking action ahead of time. Thus, for example, before the polio vaccine became available, prophylaxis against polio included avoiding crowds and public swimming pools. These days a well-known kind of *prophylactic* is used to prevent sexually transmitted diseases; but prophylactic measures only work when people use them. promulgate 1、 To proclaim or make public.
2、 To put （a law） into effect.
🌱The country's new constitution was officially promulgated in a grand ceremony at the presidential palace. 🌳All laws need to be made public in some way so that citizens may know if they're in danger of breaking them. Since they can't be expected to go into effect until the population knows they exist, *promulgate* has the two meanings "proclaim" and "put into effect." In ancient Greece and Rome, when most people couldn't read, a new written law would actually be proclaimed in a public place; we've all seen such scenes in historical movies. But today *promulgation* of a law generally occurs simply by its being published in an official government publication and on a government Web site. New laws are also often reported in newspapers and on TV, though rarely in complete form. prologue 1、 An introduction to a literary work.
2、 An introductory event or development.
🌱The Boston Tea Party of 1773 turned out to be a prologue to the American Revolution. 🌳In ancient Greek drama, the *prologos* （a word that means basically "speaking before"） was the opening portion of the play, before the entry of the all-important chorus. It might be spoken by a single actor, maybe playing a god, who would "set the scene" for the audience. Playwrights today instead often provide the same kind of "scene-setting" information through dialogue near the play's beginning; in movies, it may appear （as in the "Star Wars" series） in the form of actual written text. In a nonfiction book, the lead-in is now usually called a *preface* or *introduction*; novels rarely provide any introduction at all. Still, *prologue* remains a useful word for nonliterary purposes. The saying "The past is prologue" tells us that, in real life, almost everything can be a prologue to what follows it.